As spring approaches, hummingbird migration is well underway, marking the return of these remarkable creatures to the southern United States. Many hummingbirds spend the winter in Central America or Mexico before embarking on their long journey north to their breeding grounds, with some arriving as early as February.
These tiny, tireless travelers fly during the day when nectar sources, such as flowers, are abundant. By flying low, they can stop frequently to refuel along the way, and they expertly use tailwinds to make their journey easier and faster. Research shows that hummingbirds can cover up to 23 miles a day, and when crossing the Gulf of Mexico, they may travel as much as 500 miles at a stretch. With a direct flight speed of 20 to 30 mph, and up to three times that speed during courtship dives, hummingbirds are built for speed.
During migration, a hummingbird’s heart rate increases dramatically, beating up to 1,260 times per minute, and their wings can flap between 15 to 80 times a second. To sustain this intense energy expenditure, these birds typically increase their body weight by 25-40% before starting their migration, ensuring they have enough energy for the long trek.
The first arrivals in spring are usually male hummingbirds, though some individuals do not migrate at all. These non-migratory hummingbirds can be found in regions like California, the upper Pacific coast, and parts of the Gulf Coast and southern Atlantic areas.
Tracking and Reporting Hummingbird Sightings
As the hummingbirds make their way north, birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts can track their progress through interactive maps and migration reports. The first sightings typically occur in the southern United States, followed by later arrivals further north as spring progresses.
For those interested in reporting sightings, it’s important to note that in February, hummingbirds begin migrating from Mexico and South America, arriving first in the southern U.S. and western states. Males are typically the first to make the journey, while some birds remain in non-migratory areas throughout the year. By late October, the last of the hummingbirds will cross the southern U.S. border to return to their wintering grounds in Mexico and Central America.
Attracting Hummingbirds to Your Yard
If you’d like to welcome these beautiful birds to your yard, experts recommend putting up feeders a few weeks before the first expected arrival. Providing nectar-rich food will help attract hummingbirds to your area and support them during their long journey.
Stay tuned for the migration map updates and join the community of bird watchers helping to track the hummingbird migration this spring!
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